In the 0/1 method, performance values are calculated irrespective of the viewing duration. Threshold values are used where applicable. This method only produces p-values of zero or one.

4G describes the fourth generation of mobile networks. Predecessors of the fourth generation include the first to third generation of mobile networks: 1G, 2G and 3G. While the 1G networks were still equipped with analogue transmission technology and only enabled simple telephone connections, 2G networks with digital transmission enable higher quality telephone connections at lower costs and the transmission of SMS messages. 3G (UMTS) was switched off in Germany in 2021. The fourth-generation networks are IP-based and enable high-speed data transmissions at any time and any place. The most widespread standard for 4G is LTE.

The newest generation of mobile networks allows for transmission speeds of up to 10 Gbit/s. 5G networks are currently being built out in Germany.

A-VoD stands for Advertiser-Supported Video-on-Demand, referring to video streaming services that are usually free of charge and contain commercial breaks.

Ad servers are used for the delivery of advertising media in the online sector. Advertising media of online campaigns such as banners are sent directly by ad servers when an HTML page is accessed. In the process, the visual contacts of the users (ad impressions) or the number of clicks on the advertising material (ad clicks), among other things, are stored and made available to the advertisers online.

Addressable TV (ATV) combines linear TV & digital advertising. The prerequisite for ATV is that the TV set is "addressable", i.e. if it is HbbTV-capable and connected to the internet. This allows targeted advertising to be broadcast digitally on these devices. Known forms of advertising here are SwitchIns and Addressable Spots. Addressable TV now also takes place in the live TV context on other end devices.

Adjustment refers to a method for the artificial equalization of fluctuating data. The daily change of weight distribution in the AGF Panel (due to panel entries and exits, technical outages or structural changes) leads to a visible daily change of potentials for non-weighting characteristics. To avoid fluctuations of the target group potential within an analysis when performing multi-day evaluations, the target group is artificially adjusted in some analysis forms.

In both the Cumulation and frequency analysis and the Combination analysis, the weight distribution on the first day of the month of the first deadline for the programme list (campaign start) is applied for adjustment purposes.

The ADM Sampling System (Mastersample) is a sampling system created by the association of German market and social research institutions (Arbeitskreis deutscher Markt- und Sozialforschungsinstitute e.V., ADM) that is based on approximately 53,000 territorial units covering the entire territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. The method of a multi-stage stratified random sample of survey units used in the AGF Panel is based on the ADM Sampling System for Face-to-Face Surveys that has been used in the AGF Panel since July 1, 2005.

Advertising media refer to the different forms of advertising messages, such as TV commercials, print ads, radio spots, cinema ads, posters, or websites.

Advertising medium refers to the medium used for advertising messages: television, print (magazine + newspaper), radio, movie theater, billboards and advertising pillars, online media.

The advertising medium contact for television is defined as contact with at least 60 consecutive seconds in an average half hour in which advertising appears.

The advertising medium contact for print media is defined as contact with an average issue in which advertising appears.

The advertising medium contact for radio is defined as contact with at least one quarter hour in an average hour in which advertising appears.

Advertising medium reach refers to the advertising reach of a medium. It is calculated on the basis of the definition of advertising medium contact. Under the agma guidelines, it is the currently valid standard of comparison for intermedia plans.

The Affinity Index indicates the size of reach in a certain target group in relation to the total viewership (viewing duration in % in the target group as a percentage of the total viewing duration). This index makes it possible to draw conclusions as to whether a given target group has watched a programme, commercial break or time slot more or less frequently than the total audience. For example, an Affinity Index of 140 means that the viewing duration in % of a certain target group is 40% higher than that of the overall audience.

The AGF Advertising Customer Subscription is the AGF's offer for obtaining the video data collected in the AGF research system to the advertising market. It is aimed at agencies and companies that are active in the field of television and video advertising. Due to its modular structure, it offers subscribers the opportunity to obtain data tailored to their specific needs on a regular basis.

The AGF Conventions are the rules established by AGF for working with AGF’s complete research system. In particular, they regulate data charges and the rights and obligations for working with the data. The AGF Conventions are a binding component of all AGF’s contracts with third parties.

The AGF analysis software equally covers the information and analysis needs of program research and advertising planning. The provided software can be categorized by its functions into the reporting system AGF SCOPE, the rough planning tool AGF REACH PLANNER®, the planning system PLAN TV, and the campaign monitoring system TV CONTROL.

The "AGF GenZ Video Study" is a basic study on the use of video by children and young people between the ages of 3 and 17, which the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Videoforschung (AGF) commissioned from the market research institute Kantar in February and March 2020.

The study was structured in two stages: In a qualitative preliminary study, intensive explorations were conducted with children of different age groups (3-5 years / 6-10 years / 11-14 years / 15-17 years). The insights gained from these interviews on media use and the specific language worlds of the children could be implemented in the subsequent quantitative survey.

In the large-scale quantitative survey including daily routine surveys, consisting of more than 5,000 interviews and thus unique in this form on the German market, the children's TV and streaming use and their underlying motives were researched.

The central findings: Moving images are very popular with children and young people - 90 percent of all 3- to 17-year-olds consume videe content every day. You can find more information here.

With around 5,400 daily reporting, representatively selected households and the more than 11,000 people living in them, the AGF Panel represents one of the largest panels for measuring video reception worldwide. This represents the usage of people aged 3 and over in households with at least one streaming-capable device. The usage of this universe is representative for the Federal Republic of Germany as a whole as well as for the individual federal states. The panel is operated by GfK on behalf of AGF. More information on the panel here.

REACH PLANNER® is a web-based AGF planning tool for cross-media reach in the market standard Bewegtbild. It serves as a strategic rough planning tool for forecasting campaign reach and cost planning for TV and streaming. The integration of further measurement data is planned. For example, data from the X-Reach measurement (non-video content) and the AGF Smart Meter measurement (platforms such as Netflix and Amazon Prime Video) can be included in the future.

AGF SCOPE is provided as a browser-based web application by AGF Videoforschung for the evaluation of television, streaming and video usage behaviour. This means that AGF SCOPE can be accessed at any time and from anywhere, as long as there is a connection to the Internet. On 08/01/2023 AGF SCOPE replaced AGF VIDEOSCOPE as the leading reference system.

AGF Videoforschung has expanded the 2020 reach measurement with the "AGF Smart Meter" project: Using a measurement router technology developed by GfK on behalf of AGF, AGF records the use of streaming offers on smart TV sets in the AGF panel. This makes it possible to determine the average daily viewing time of selected video platforms such as Netflix and Amazon Prime Video on the big screen. The monthly reporting represents the usage times for currently seven target groups and is continuously being expanded. This measurement complements the measurement via TC UMX.

The AGF Video Potentials study is the external specifications study of AGF since 01/01/2022. The AGF Video Potentials is based on two separate research studies: The Potential Study, which is conducted in cooperation with agma and agof, and the AGF Platform Study. Both studies are conducted annually in two waves (spring and autumn).

After a joint weighting on the microcensus, both studies form the AGF Video Potentials, which (except for the Sky specifications) provides all relevant potentials of video image use in Germany and serves as an external specification for AGF research system.

Method

Potential study: The potential study is conducted as a CATI survey (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview). People aged 14 and over are surveyed.

Platform study: The platform study is designed as a CAPI study (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) and is conducted at the respondents' homes. In addition to the survey, the interviewers examine TV-specific equipment features and check the reception options in the respondent households. People aged 14 and over are surveyed.

Before weighting on the microcensus, additional information on children aged 3-13 years is obtained from both studies and the specifications of the official statistics. The area statuses (municipality code, administrative district, federal state, GGK bik and GGK pol) of the survey studies and the microcensus are synchronised and - if necessary - updated.

In the joint weighting to the specifications of the microcensus, the tv-specific characteristics, which were obtained in the platform study by triage in the respondent households, are given a higher weight. All other information from the potential and platform study flows equally into the AGF Video Potentials.

Population

The population comprises the resident population in the Federal Republic of Germany in private households with a German-speaking main income earner (HEB) and at least one device for moving image use (TV, PC, laptop, smartphone, tablet, game console) in use.

Sample

Total: 25,000 cases

Potential study: 20,000 cases, dual-frame, ADM selection basis, disproportional

Platform study: 5,000 cases, random sample, ADM face to face sampling system, proportional

AGF Videoforschung GmbH specializes in impartial video research. AGF continuously tracks the use of video content in Germany on a quantitative basis and analyses the data collected. It invests many millions of euros per year to continuously refine its instruments in order to deliver reliable data on the use of video content to the market on a daily basis. AGF consults closely with all market partners, including licensed TV stations, advertisers and media agencies.

The shareholders of AGF Videoforschung are ARD, Discovery Communications Deutschland, RTL Deutschland, ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE, Sky Deutschland, Sport1, Tele 5, Viacom, WeltN24 and ZDF.

The research commissioned by AGF Videoforschung comprises the survey and reporting of the use of video content (TV and Online/mobile), irrespective of the distribution mode (e.g. linear or non-linear), time of use (e.g. live, time-shifted or time-independent), place of use (e.g. in the house or out of the house), distribution channel (e.g. IPTV, cable) as well as end device (e.g. TV, laptop or smartphone) as well as sender (e.g. TV broadcaster, telecommunication provider or Streaming provider) according to the rules and principles of market and opinion research.

AGF Videoforschung grants licenses for data use to other broadcasters, to media agencies and advertisers. Via licensed data users, it makes AGF data available to the press, production companies and sports sponsors in Germany and abroad, for example.

Aggregated data refers to the aggregation of individual values to form larger units, including the aggregation of second-by-second usage values for broadcasters measured to form longer time frames. The level of detail of the original information is therefore no longer included in the aggregated data.

agma is an acronym that stands for Arbeitsgemeinschaft Media-Analyse e. V., which is a coalition of advertisers, agencies and media formed with the goal of analyzing the performance of advertising media and the users of such media. For this purpose, agma conducts regular studies, so-called ma. The data collected in this study provides an important planning basis for the media genres of TV/radio, print, out of home and online. Among other things, the Potential Study conducted in collaboration with agma delivers results that AGF uses as part of its external specifications for social-demographic level control and for the weighting of the AGF Panel (see AGF Video Potentials). Within the scope of ma Intermedia PLuS, AGF provides data from its AGF Panel for intermedia planning.

Analogue television describes an analogue transmission of television programmes. In Germany, an analogue television picture at a frame rate of 50 Hz consists of a sequence of 25 transmitted frames per second, which are further broken down into 625 lines each. Images and sounds are transmitted in waves in the form of many status messages. Analogue television has now been almost completely replaced by digital reception paths.

An analysis element is the smallest possible unit for which a result can be calculated. Content-structured analysis elements are programmes, programme brands, advertising blocks. Other analysis elements are time intervals and content units. Analysis elements can differ by license and analysis aspects.

Applications (apps) are additional applications that perform certain functions on terminal devices such as smartphones, tablets or a Smart TV. In the context of video usage, they especially include media libraries, video platforms (e.g. Netflix), EPGs, etc.

Audience flow is an indicator of the viewers’ loyalty to a programme. Studies of audience flows examine the identical viewership of consecutive programmes. They provide information about the proportion of the viewership of an examined programme that also watched the preceding programme or watched the subsequent programme.

Audio matching is a technical method for measuring audiovisual content. In the AGF Panel with the UMX measurement system, it has been used in the panel households since 08/01/2012 to survey the television usage of panel members. Under the audio matching method, audio signals in the television set are captured in the form of audio patterns and continuously checked against programmes stored in a server. Matching signals are then assigned to a TV broadcaster. If content cannot be clearly assigned to a broadcaster (for example, if the programme is broadcast simultaneously on several channels), additional information such as the regional reception spectrum or infrared codes are used to make the assignment.

The average number of contacts indicates the average number of contacts per person; it is calculated as the quotient of contact total divided by net viewing participation. If the 0/1 method is used, this must be indicated.

Bandwidth refers to the range of a transmission channel that lies between the lowest and highest frequencies. Information is transmitted in this range via electronic signals. Higher bandwidth makes it possible to transmit a larger quantity of information.

The BIK municipality size classes are a model for classifying municipalities by the number of inhabitants in the respective BIK region (revised Boustedt Urban Regions Model, Boustedt Classes). They serve as the basis for stratifying the sampling system (ADM Sampling System) of GfK.

Blu-ray players are an advancement over DVD players. They are used to play film content on Blu-ray Discs, which can hold much larger quantities of data compared to DVDs and can therefore deliver higher-quality video and audio.

In the transmission of digital television, bouquets describe package offers of several digital programmes which are combined into an overall offer, e.g. in order to manage access rights.

Branded video players refer to an advertising form of non-linear video ads. They are characterized by the fact that the video is enclosed within a frame in which animations or banner ads are displayed. When users click on an ad in the frame, they can be sent directly to the advertiser’s page.

Break bumpers are three- to four-second inserts between ongoing programmes and commercial breaks. They are legally required and serve as an optical demarcation between programming and advertising.

The break number is a number assigned internally by the broadcaster to a commercial break. It is usually consecutive within an hour or a given environment. It is a component of the eight-digit commercial break code.

Broadband refers to the primary technology for accessing the Internet in Germany. Thanks to a relatively fast data transfer rate, connections are established much more quickly than via a modem.

The function of the broadcast master is to assign measured usage to broadcast elements such as programme, advertisement, etc. Components of the broadcast master include the programme directory, rate files and programme codes.

In the AGF system, the broadcast day begins at 3:00 in the morning and lasts until 3:00 the following night. All broadcasts in this time period are given the same calendar date. According to this definition, the date change takes place at 03:00 in the morning. This division, which deviates from the usual calendar, has proved to be expedient for programme and advertising planning because of audience behaviour. This ensures, among other things, that when data is retrieved at night, all data on television usage of the previous television day can be retrieved simultaneously and reported in the morning.

In the AGF Panel, build-up refers to increasing the number of panel households. This is done to improve the validity of data at the regional level or to make more cases available for analyzing more deeply sub-divided target groups. In the AGF Panel, the evaluation quality of AGF data for smaller German states is ensured by regionally increasing the number of panel households (= disproportional build-up).

Custom variables (c-variables) are used in streaming measurement. They are maintained by the providers on a per-video basis. The information for each video usage is transmitted in the streaming measurement process. Like broadcaster protocols in TV, they serve the purpose of transmitting programme-specific information such as the video length or title or information on the matching of TV programmes (see Matching).

Cable refers to the transmission of analog or digital television via copper or fiber-optic cables. The cable section from the cable head station to the property usually belongs to a cable network operator. This section is referred to as Network Level 3. The distribution line from the property to the residence is owned by many small cable network operators such as building societies, but also by the network level 3 cable network operator. This section is referred to as Network Level 4.

Calibration is the term used by AGF to refer to the process of adapting the views and net coverage values in the weighted and merged Video Streaming Panel to the level of the census measurement by means of statistical methods. Whereas the number of views is measured for the census measurement and the panel, the net coverage is only available in the panel and is extrapolated to the census level by means of a statistical estimation method.

In terms of the objective, calibration is similar to weighting: The purpose is to adapt the information collected from samples to the known external specifications of a full survey. In addition to the adjustment requirements dictated by the composition of the sample, calibration also serves to compensate for the design-related under-coverage of usage in the panel resulting from the non-coverage of at-work and other usage. The level variables of the census measurement only cover usage via the IP addresses assigned to Germany. To implement the calibration, the stream views must be aggregated to reach a sufficiently high number of cases case. These aggregations are known as calibration units. After the process of calculating the net coverage values at the level of the census measurement, these specifications are applied to generate a respondent-level data set, which forms the basis for analysis and planning.

Campaign control refers to the performance review of an already concluded advertising campaign on the basis of actually achieved reach values. It serves the purpose of measuring and evaluating the advertising impact.

Campaign planning involves the selection of suitable commercial breaks for the target group for an advertising campaign before they are broadcast. Suitable advertising environments are identified on the basis of past usage data . The indicators that serve to forecast the performance of the planning campaign can then be calculated with the aid of planning software. The indicators are net coverage, average contacts, affinity, CPM-C (cost per mille contacts), CPM-U (cost per mille users), GRP and contact distribution.

CAPI is an acronym that stands for computer-assisted personal interview. CAPI surveys are computer-assisted face-to-face interviews in which the interviewer reads the questions directly from the computer screen and enters the answers into the computer. Unlike a traditional face-to-face interview, the questionnaire is stored in the computer instead of being printed out on paper.

Catch-up TV is a form of VoD in which broadcasters make TV programmes available to users on the Internet for a certain period of time after the original broadcast. These programmes can usually be accessed by users free of charge.

CATI is an acronym that stands for computer-assisted telephone interview. CATI surveys are computer-assisted telephone interviews in which the interviewer reads the questions directly from the computer screen and enters the answers into the computer in the telephone studio. Unlike a traditional telephone interview, the questionnaire is stored in the computer instead of being printed out on paper.